山东省专升本英语公共课模拟试题

 Part III  Reading Comprehension

Task 1
Most of us grow up taking certain things for granted. We tend to assume that experts and religious leaders tell us "the truth". We tend to believe that things advertised on television or in newspapers can't be bad for us.
However, encouragement of critical thinking in students is one of the goals of most colleges and universities. Few professors require students to share the professors' own beliefs. In general, professors are more concerned that students learn to question and critically examine the augments of others, including some of their own beliefs or values. This done not mean that professors insist that you change your beliefs, either. It does mean, however, professors will usually ask you to support the views you express in class or in your writing.
If your premises (前提) are shaky, or if your arguments are not logical, professors personally point out the false reasoning in your arguments. Most professors want you to learn to recognize the premises of your arguments, to examine whether you really accept these premises, and to understand whether or not you draw logical conclusions. Put it this way: Professors don't tell you what to think ; they try to teach you how to think.
On the other hand, if you intend to disagree with your professors in class, you should be prepared to offer a strong argument in support of your ideas. Argument just for the sake of arguing usually does not promote a critical examination of ideas. Many professors interpret it as rudeness.
51. In the first paragraph, the writer tries to tell us that people            
A. easily accept certain things without a second thought    B. grow up through learning certain things in life
C. are forming their views during their growth            D. have strong beliefs in authorities while getting old
52. Nowadays, most colleges and universities encourage students to ____.
A. criticize others                           B. share professors beliefs
C. give their own ideas            D. change their own beliefs
53. The word "shaky" (line 1, para. 3 ) most probably means "____".
A. creative              B. firm              C. false        D. weak
54. To help students develop their critical thinking, professors mainly teach them ____.
A. choice of their premises                                       B. the way to think independently
C. skills of drawing conclusions                   D. different kinds of argument
55. According to the writer, the right way to argue is to ____.
A. argue mainly for the sake of arguing         B. prove it with a good conclusion
C. support your idea with sound reasoning       D. examine others' ideas critically
Task 2
It would be difficult to have a society like ours without public  goods such as defense, transportation, and other services.
A public good is one that a person can use without reducing the use of it for another person.　One of the best example of a public good is national defense. One person can benefit form our national defense without reducing another person's benefits. In fact, it is difficult to keep any person in our society from enjoying the benefits of national defense.
The market system does not work well in producing public goods. This is because a person who refuses to pay for a public good cannot be kept from using it. Suppose that the neighbors in a high crime area decide to hire a police force. Each neighbor, except Mrs. Smith, agrees to pay $100 a year for it. Mrs. Smith refuses to pay because she knows that if all the others pay the $ 100, the police will guard the area anyway. So Mrs. Smith can enjoy the services of the police force
without paying $ 100.
The market system has no way to deal with this type of problem. For this reason, we cannot　ask each person to make a direct payment in the form of product price. Therefore, we collect money　for public goods by using taxes.
56. According to the passage, public goods are ____.
A. services enjoyed by all people                B. what we can buy and sell in public
C. products that we make for national defense      D. taxes paid by the people involved
57. The writer gives the example of national defense in paragraph 2 in order to show that ____.
A. there will be no safety if there is no national defense   B. all the people should be responsible for national defense
C. a public good is a shared benefit for the whole society  D. some public goods are more important than others
58. The person who does not pay for a public good ____.
A. keeps himself from using its benefit          B. cannot enjoy its benefit at any time
C. fails to keep its benefit from being used       D, enjoys its benefit all the same
59. In the third paragraph the author explains _____.
A. what role the market system plays in producing public goods
B. how weak the market system is in producing public goods
C, why some people refuse to pay for public goods
D. what we can do not make use of the market system
60. From the passage we learn that the purpose of collecting taxes is to ____.
A, ensure the continuous supply of public goods    B, reduce the difference between the rich and the poor
C, get extra money to support public goods         D. remind people of their duty
Task  3
Our environment is getting worse and worse with the increase of the world population, which affects the environment in two ways. Firstly, the limited energy resources will be used up much faster. Secondly, the increasing population creates more pollution, another severe problem that needs to be solved. Both problems are long-term ones because actions taken now show their results slowly over many years. They are also urgent because delays in action can lead to great suffering and social problems. The question seems to be difficult to handle for most people. However, a person can be a protector of environment in everyday life if he takes actions to save the environment right now. With the development of technology, cars make transportation easier and quicker than before, but we can't ignore the disadvantages brought to us by more and more cars in use. For example, we are consuming gasoline (汽油), which is a non-renewable (无法更新的) resource, and will soon be gone. Moreover, the exhausted gas from cars pollutes our air, and our health is therefore threatened by air pollution, which has a big potential effect on our daily life. So we can consider walking, taking buses, carpooling (合用汽车), instead of driving cars alone. This seems to be a very slow process that can't be so effective if it's taken by a single person. But when more and more people become aware of the importance and positively take it as their personal responsibilities, the condition of the air will be improved to a great extent.
61. According to the writer, the main problem to our environment today is ____.
A. the increase of population                              
B. the limited energy resources
C. the more serious air pollution                             D. the development of technology
62. From the passage, we can know that ____.
A. effective measures can be taken mainly by the government
B. taking measures now can soon improve the environment
C. immediate measures can cause great suffering and social problems
D. every single person's action has some effect on environment protection
63. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is most probably to ____.
A. complain about people's slow actions to protect the environment B. advise people to take actions to protect the environment
C. show himself to be an active environment protector
D. point out the bad effects of technologies on protecting environment
64. The author believes that carpooling ____.
A. can give help to those without cars
B. can save people money and time
C. can save energy resources and reduce air pollution
D. can promote friendship among drivers
65. The passage is mainly about ____.
A. energy resources saving       B. environment protection
   C. population control                    D. air pollution
Task 4
A lawyer friend of mine has devoted herself to the service of humanity. Her special area is called "public interest law". Many other lawyers represent only clients who can pay high fees.(73) All lawyers have had expensive and highly specialized training, and they work long, difficult hours for the money they earn. But what happens to people who need legal help and can not afford to pay these lawyers' fee?
Public interest lawyers fill this need. Patricia, like other public interest lawyers, earns a salary much below what some lawyers can earn. Because she is willing to take less money, her clients have the help they need, even if they can pay nothing at all.
Some clients need legal help because stores have cheated them with faulty merchandise. Others are in unsafe apartments, or are threatened with eviction (being driven) and have no place to go. Their cases are all called "criminal' cases. These are just a few of the many situations in which the men and women who are public interest lawyers serve to extend justice throughout society.
66. "A lawyer friend of mine has devoted herself to the service of humanity "means _______ .
A)she has tried to earn her living by providing service for human beings
B)she has tried to provide service to people in need out of humane consideration
C)she has tried to work for the cause of law at any cost
D)she has devoted herself to the public relationship in spite of loss of income
67. What is the difference between public interest lawyers and other lawyers?
A)They have had more highly specialized training.
B)Their training is much cheaper.
C)They may offer help to those who can't afford to pay.
D)They work long, difficult hours for the money they earn.
68. The word "clients" in this passage means _______ .
A)people who can pay high fees to their lawyers
B)People who are very poor and can't afford to pay their lawyers
C）people who have been cheated by stores or threatened with eviction
D)people who needs and uses legal help from lawyers
69. Public interest law includes _______ .
A)civil cases only                         
B)criminal cases only
C)criminal and civil cases                                  D)wealthy clients cases
70. Which of the following is NOT a matter for a civil case?
A)A burglar is arrested.
B)a tenant is faced with eviction.
C)A store sells a faulty radio.
D)A landlord refuses to fix a dangerous staircase.
Part IV   Translation
71. His ignorance of the company's financial situation resulted in his failure to take effective measures.
72. Although some areas suffered from serious natural disasters, the total grain output was higher than that of last year.
73. Pessimistic forecasts say that there is only enough coal for 450 years, enough natural gas for 50 years and that oil might run out in 30 years.
74. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders.
75. These are just a few of the many situations in which the men and women who are public interest lawyers serve to extend justice throughout society.
76．我代表公司对你所作的一切向你表示感谢。
 
77．高昂的学费使—些贫穷的学生不能进人大学。
 
78. 我们最关心的是那个城市的饮用水的质量。
 
79. 鉴于政府在解决失业问题上效果不佳，他们在选举中获胜的机会似乎不大。
 
80. 在我们做出决定前，必须确定我们已经将所有有关因素考虑进去了。
 
Part V Writing (10 points, 30 minutes)
Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a consolation letter (慰问信)according to the following instructions given in Chinese. Remember to write the letter in no less than 80 words on the Composition Sheet.
    假如你是小明，你的朋友小林家遭遇洪水，房屋被毁，所幸没有人员伤亡。写信向他全家表示慰问，希望他们振作起来，尽快重建家园，并愿提供尽可能的帮助。